ABSTRACT
Background: Hyperbilirubinemia is a common neonatal problem. Phototherapy and exchange transfusion is the conventional treatment for indirect hyperbilirubinemia. In the treatment of cholestatic liver disorders, Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is a bile acid widely used. Few studies have been conducted using UDCA in indirect hyperbilirubinemia. Aim of the study: This study was planned to assess the additive effect of UDCA on reducing indirect hyperbilirubinemia in neonates receiving phototherapy. Material & Methods:This prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted among neonates with indirect hyperbilirubinemia in the neonatal wards of Bangladesh Shishu Hospital and Institute, Dhaka, Bangladesh from June 2018 to July 2020. Finally, 140 neonates were included in the study. Eligible cases were randomized into two groups by the lottery method. Group A (n=70) received phototherapy and Group B (n=70) received UDCA at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day orally twice daily in addition to phototherapy. Total serum bilirubin levels were measured every 12 hours until serumbilirubinlevel falls below 10 mg/dl and then phototherapy was stopped. Demographic data, clinical features, laboratory parameters, outcome variables, and complications were recorded in a pre-format sheet. CBC with PBF, Total and indirect bilirubin, Blood grouping and Rh and typing, CRP, Reticulocyte count, and Coombs test were obtained at enrolment. Comparison of parameters among themselves was done by unpaired t-test and chi-square test. Analyzed outcomes were: time for resolution of jaundice, total duration of phototherapy, length of hospital stays, and adverse effects of the drug. The two groups did not differ statistically in age, sex or weight. The mean total serum bilirubin level measured at 12, 24, 36, 48, and 60 hours of treatment in group A was 16.10±1.43, 14.76±1.45, 13.34±1.68, 11.84±1.35, and, 10.57±0.74 respectively, and in the group, B was,15.18±1.63, 13.18±2.25, 11.39±1.56, 9.84±0.81 and, 9.44±0.46 respectively (p<0.001). The mean duration of phototherapy (64.11±10.8 vs. 47.18±7.51 hours, p<0.001) and length of hospital stay (2.80 ±0.40 vs. 2.19±0.39 days, p=<0.001).Conclusion:The inclusion of UDCA as an adjuvant to phototherapy is more effective in reducing indirect hyperbilirubinemia in neonates.
ABSTRACT
Aims: To study and evaluate In vitro antioxidant, brine shrimp lethality and antimicrobial activities of both methanol and ethyl-acetate extracts of Citrus macroptera Montr. Fruit (Family-Rutaceae). Study Design: In vitro antioxidant, brine shrimp lethality and antimicrobial activities. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmacy, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka-1342. The study was carried out from November 2013 to January 2014. Methodology: In vitro antioxidant activities of the extracts were studied using DPPH radical scavenging assay, NO scavenging assay, total phenol, total flavonoid content, total antioxidant capacity, total tannin content, lipid peroxidation by TBA, lipid peroxidation in human erythrocyte cell, reducing power capacity and cupric reducing capacity assays. Lethality bioassay was performed on Artemia salina Leach nauplii. Antimicrobial activity was investigated by disc diffusion technique. Results: Methanol extract showed better activity than ethyl acetate extract in DPPH, NO, lipid peroxidation by TBA, reducing power capacity assay, total phenol, total flavonoid and total antioxidant capacity assays while ethyl –acetate extract showed more potency than methanol extract in total tannin content, cupric reducing capacity and lipid peroxidation in human erythrocyte assays. In brine shrimp bioassay both extracts showed promising lethal activity but methanol extract was found to be more potent than ethyl acetate extract (χ2=39.874, P<0.0001). In disc diffusion technique among six bacterial species, ethyl acetate extract showed broad spectrum antimicrobial activity against two gram positive Bacillus sublitis and Staphylococcus aureus and one gram negative Escherichia coli. Conclusion: The results demonstrate that methanol and ethyl-acetate extracts of C. macroptera fruit can be used as potential antioxidant, cytotoxic and antimicrobial agents. That is why extensive researches are necessary to search for active principles responsible for these activities.
ABSTRACT
Effects of ethanolic extract of Desmodium pulchellum Benth. (Fabaceae) barks on alloxan-induced diabetic rats were investigated. In diabetic rats, blood glucose levels were reduced by 18.64 – 34.04 % on consumption of the extracts, with greater effect exhibited by the 1000mg/kg extract whereas in Glibenclamide treated diabetic rats, blood glucose levels were reduced upto 73.55%. The results suggested ethanolic extract of barks may contribute to the reduction of blood glucose levels and can be useful in the management of diabetes. The acute oral toxicity showed that the ethanolic extract of D. pulchellum barks was safe until 4000mg/kg body weight and no macroscopical organ abnormalities were observed in acute oral models. The investigations on Albino (Wistar) rats at dosage of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg of ethanolic extract of D. pulchellum barks were made for anitiinflammatory action by using carrageenan induced paw edema and cotton pellete granuloma technique. The results of the study suggested significant dose dependent activity of extracts as compared to control group for both acute and chronic inflammation.
ABSTRACT
Ethanolic extract of Sterculia villosa barks were studied for anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic activity. The acute oral toxicity showed that the ethanolic extract of S. villosa barks was safe until 4000mg/kg body weight and no macroscopical organ abnormalities were observed in acute oral models. The investigations on Albino (Wistar) rats at dosage of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg of ethanolic extract of Sterculia villosa barks were made for aniti-inflammatory action by using carrageenan induced paw edema and cotton pellete granuloma technique. The results of the study suggested significant dose dependent activity of extracts as compared to control group for both acute and chronic inflammation. Ethanolic extract also showed significant antidiabetic activity at dose dependent manner compared to diabetic untreated group.